citation dan word. Berikut ini cara menyusun daftar pustaka otomatis di Word : Pertama, letakkan kursor di bawah tulisan Daftar Pustaka. citation dan word

 
 Berikut ini cara menyusun daftar pustaka otomatis di Word : Pertama, letakkan kursor di bawah tulisan Daftar Pustakacitation dan word ai

It was last seen in The Wall Street Journal quick crossword. It was last seen in The LA Times quick crossword. Semoga bermanfaat!Karena daftar pustaka akan disimpan didaftar rujukan dan bila rujukan dipilih maka rujukan tersebut dapat dibuat sebagai daftar pustaka dan tetatap tersimpan di daftar rujukan hingga microsoft word kalian di uninstal. A Bibliography, meanwhile, lists all the material you have consulted in preparing your essay, whether you have actually referred to and cited the work. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. in a bibliographic citation. Mendeley is a free reference manager that can help you store, organize, note, share and cite references and research data. Surface Studio vs iMac – Which Should You Pick? 5 Ways to Connect Wireless Headphones to TV. for superscript or Ctrl + , for subscript. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Enclose “Unpublished doctoral dissertation” inside brackets following the year. Misplaced. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Court citation. No. 4. 189) states. ("Student Handbook," 2008) Explanation: When there is no author your in-text and parenthetical citations should begin with the first couple words of the title and include the year of publication. Pengertian Citation (Kutipan) Citation atau “Kutipan” adalah cara Anda memberi tahu pembaca bahwa materi tertentu dalam karya Anda berasal dari sumber lain. The title of the article is in plain text and sentence case; the title of the newspaper or the magazine is set in italics. DesignThat’s a lot of citations. Whether a school essay, a college research paper, or an in-depth literature review of a book, film, or any other literary piece. Lalu klik Insert Bibliography. Easily convert your documents made with Mendeley Desktop citation plugin to work with Mendeley Cite. Here are the possible solutions for "Quotation citation" clue. Here are the possible solutions for "Abbr. Previous. tekan Ctrl + A bersama untuk memilih seluruh dokumen, lalu tekan F9 kunci untuk membuka kunci bidang. Dalam menambahkan sumber atau referensi lain, prosesnya tidak berbeda dari proses awalnya. Pilih menu “Tools” pada navigasi paling atas. Untuk mencobanya, masukan kutipan lalu klik kanan pada kutipan pilih Edit This Citation. 👌 Simple and intuitive interface. It was last seen in Premier Sunday quick crossword. Word, ketika di klik mendeley di dekstop muncul bacaan seperti ini : " the program cant start beacuse api-ms-crt-stdio-l1-1-0,dl is missing from your computer", mohon solusinya. It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. (n. Berhubung kemarin-kemarin saya mengalami kerepotan pada saat memasukkan referensi dan bibliography pada tesis saya pada kesempatan kali ini saya hendak berbagi tips untuk membuat citation dan bibliography pada Microsoft Office Word 2010. Jika kamu ingin tahu cara menggunakan mendeley, kamu bisa. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Sumber kutipan dan bibliografi dalam hal melakukan penulisan memiliki tujuan sebagai berikut (Hicks, 2011): a) menghindari plagiarisme, b) menghormati penulis sebelumnya mengingat teks bagian. Bagaimana Penggunaan daftar pustaka otomatis dengan fitur MS Word? Cara Membuat Daftar Pustaka Otomatis di Microsoft Word. - Bước 1: Nhấn chuột trái vào phần nội dung cần tạo trích dẫn. Klik pada halaman yang akan menjadi halaman daftar pustaka. This style manual provides editorial guidance for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters. Buka Mendeley Desktop, masuk ke menu “Tools” kemudian pilih opsi “Install MS Word Plugin”. . Sebelum menginstal plugin, pastikan Outlook dan Word sudah dalam posisi tertutup. Tulis kutipan di dokumen, letakkan kursor di akhir kutipan tersebut. Namun jika anda tau, sebenarnya ada cara mudah untuk menuliskan kutipan di Ms. Choose the type of source you would like to cite (e. Tunggu beberapa saat, akan muncul pemberitahuan “Citation Plugin” telah berhasil diinstal. Cancel anytime. Sebelum membuat sitasi dan daftar pustaka, kita perlu mengatur gaya penulisan yang akan digunakan. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Notice the difference in how the author’s name is written. Cách tạo danh mục tài liệu tham khảo có trích dẫn. Using The Zotero Word Plugin. Klik ‘Insert Citation‘ di toolbar. Anda dapat melakukan sebagai petunjuk berikut. ¶ Over 1. In an APA citation, cite a PDF the same way you would cite a. Nantinya akan muncul dialog seperti pada gambar. 1. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Slice in portions and serve with sauce Madire' (part of the earliest OED citation for this dish) Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: 'Roast very rare. . Mendeley merupakan aplikasi pengelola referensi yang banyak digunakan untuk membantu penulisan sitasi dan daftar pustaka di karya ilmiah, misalnya seperti makalah atau skripsi. in a citation. kemudian pastikan kursor berada di awal baris. Here are the possible solutions for "Caution" clue. The in-text citation lists the author of the chapter and the page number of the relevant passage. Tidak hanya sekali, namun di dalam sebuah skripsi bisa terdapat banyak sekali citation. . Tip: If you cite a new source, add it to the bibliography by clicking anywhere in the bibliography and selecting Update Citations and. Dan Word - let me solve it for you! Dan Word «Let me solve it for you» Verbatim citation. Figure 3. Enter the URL, DOI, ISBN, title, or other unique source information into the citation generator to find your source. We are always here for you. And others, in a citation. Not sure what this number conveys other than we have almost half of the words muddled by a citation. Mendeley merupakan aplikasi untuk membuat citation, daftar pustaka dan bibliografi secara otomatis. Cara Termudah dan Tercepat Membuat Daftar Pustaka APA Style di Word Inilah cara otomatis dan termudah membuat daftar pustaka APA Style di Word. A misplaced modifier can be fixed by moving it so that it is connected to the right subject. Here are the possible solutions for "First, a citation about layers in rock" clue. Anda dapat memilih jenis Sytle Bibliography, ada beberapa yang anda dapat pilih : APA, Chicago, harvard, IEEE dan lain-lain. Use the author surname and the publication year in the in-text citation. No matter how many times and ways I edit the file, s few authors' names (e. ) don't get merged in the author co-citation results. With the author’s name in the sentence (a citation in prose). 2. Reference list entry structure: Composer last name, F. If the number of authors is from 3 to 20, write the names of all authors. ). Here are the possible solutions for "Abbr. In-text citations in IEEE style consist of the number of the relevant reference, presented in square brackets [1]. Namun, tak jarang pula mahasiswa yang masih menggunakan cara manual. Style selection. Citation generator: Generate flawless APA, MLA, and Harvard citations in seconds. Shortcut: Highlight text and press Ctrl + . For a song or track reference, the author of the work is usually the recording artist, which may be an individual or group. Products. Kutipan dalam artikel (in-text citation) Daftar Pustaka (reference list) 1. Millions trust Grammarly’s AI writing assistance to communicate with confidence and make writing faster and more delightful. •E. It was last seen in The LA Times quick crossword. M. APA format. Synonyms for COMMENDATION: award, medal, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, mention, citation, prize, honor; Antonyms of COMMENDATION: condemnation, indictment, censure. Ada beberapa komponen perbedaan di antara istilah-istilah tersebut. 'And others,' in citations (Abbr. It was last seen in American quick crossword. Kemudian pada bagian Citations & Bibliography pilih “Insert Citation” lalu klik “Add New Source”. Generate citations in APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard style with Scribbr’s free Citation Generator. Follow these steps: Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page. MyBib's AMA citation generator was designed to be fast and easy to use. Tulis kutipan di dokumen, letakkan kursor di akhir kutipan tersebut. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. It was last seen in The New York Times quick crossword. Para mahasiswa minimal harus tahu cara menggunakan sub menu insert citation dan bibliography pada microsoft word 3. No problem. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Artikel terkait: Cara membuat kutipan (Citation) dan daftar pustaka (Bibliography) di Word 2013: (1) Klik teks pada akhir kalimat atau bagian yang membutuhkan kutipan. Tulis kutipan di dokumen, letakkan kursor di akhir kutipan tersebut. g. It was last seen in Chicago Sun-Times quick crossword. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Citation provider. b. Pilih metode referensi, misalnya APA, MLA, ISO 690, dll. Aturan Penulisan. Work containing more than 3. Here are the possible solutions for "Citation abbreviation" clue. No. You always write a summary in your own words. APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. An IEEE in-text citation is just a number in brackets, pointing the reader to the relevant reference. Citation. 189)Lalu buka menu 'References', lalu klik 'Insert Citation' dan 'Add New Source' 3. We found 20 possible solutions for this clue. It was last seen in American quick crossword. Masuk ke Referensi > Bibliografi, dan pilih salah satu format. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Fictitious. 96 percent of students say that Grammarly increases their confidence in their written material. Zotero instantly creates references and bibliographies for any text editor, and directly inside Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs. To use the generator: Choose the type of source you would like to cite (e. An MLA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and a page number—no year. It was last seen in British quick crossword. C dan Michael Minor. Here are the possible solutions for "Citation word" clue. Citation style. Hướng dẫn cách sử dụng các chức năng trong thẻ References Microsoft Word. com. Anda dapat melihat referensi kesalahan seperti ini: 2. Letakkan kursor Anda di tempat Anda menginginkan bibliografi. We have 5 possible answers in our database. 🥇 Most accurate citation data. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Menggunakan Aplikasi Mendeley Sumber: mendeley. Namun plugin tersebut tidak terinstal otomatis, kita harus meng-instal-nya secara manual. Citation at the bottom of a business letter: Abbr. Pertama, kamu harus koneksikan mendeley dengan Ms. Kali ini, saya akan membagikan langkah – langkah menggunakan citation dan insertion dalam program word. The Crossword Solver found 54 answers to "Citation (9)", 9 letters crossword clue. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: And others, in a citation. Dan Word - let me solve it for you!. All solutions for "Citation" 8 letters crossword clue & answer - We have 5 clues, 39 answers & 54 synonyms from 4 to 16 letters. We have 1 possible answer in our database. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Crossword-solving aid. Bước 2: Như vậy là danh mục tài liệu tham khảo đã. Select Add New Source from the drop-down menu. It was last seen in British cryptic crossword. Slice in portions and serve with sauce Madire' (part of the earliest OED citation for. With cited sources in your document, you're ready to create a bibliography. 3. Perangkat lunak Mendeley saat ini tersedia dalam 2 (dua) versi, Desktop Edition dan Institutional Edition. We have 4 possible answers in our database. Aturan dasar penulisan daftar pustaka dengan Harvard-APA Style yaitu: Sumber kutipan yang dinyatakan dalam karya ilmiah harus ada dalam Daftar Pustaka, dan sebaliknya. - crossword puzzle clues and possible answers. 7. It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. Start live chat. Revised on June 7, 2022. An MLA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and a page number—no year. 2. (Date). Jenis Pengutipan. Create a free account to add and edit each Harvard citation on the spot, import and export full projects or individual entries. Mendeley’s PDF viewer has excellent, easy-to-use, built-in capability. We have 1 possible answer in our database. g. Stay in sync. Isi Informasi Sumber Kutipan. Jika sudah ter-instal di komputer atau laptop, kamu perlu menambahkan Mendeley ke Microsoft word dengan cara klik tools > Instal MS Word plugin. It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. com Citation word. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Citation word. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. The hyphen ‐ is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. a formal letter or statement recounting a person's achievements. Loading. 2. , (Smith, 2020, 2021). We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. WhatsApp +31 20 261 6040. Đầu tiên, bạn cần chọn style và chèn các trích dẫn của mình. Both formats invert names, but MLA spells out the first name, while APA abbreviates it. Here are the possible. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. By italic numbers in parentheses on the line of text and inside the punctuation. Lalu silahkan menuju folder C:Program Files (x86)Mendeley. Add co-authors Co-authors. Aturan Penulisan Daftar Pustaka Harvard-APA Style. Latin was originally spoken in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area around Rome. To distinguish. At the end of the reference, include the original date of publication. Cite. )" clue. Click the ‘Cite’ button on the. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Fungsi Penulisan. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Legal case citation term to mean 'in the matter of'. Word. Cit. Cách 3: Nhập trích dẫn từ google scholar. Brilliant Writing Awaits. It was last seen in The LA Times quick crossword. In Harvard referencing, in-text citations contain the author (s)’s or editor (s)’s surname, year of publication and page number (s). Klik Insert Citation Kemudian klik Add New. 1:15:28. Here are the possible solutions for "Confirmation" clue. Template: Surname, F. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Masuk ke tab Referensces lalu klik . Citation ender, briefly. Last updated on September 04, 2020. When there are two authors, APA Style separates their names with an ampersand (&), while MLA uses “and. Silahkan tunggu sejenak. Untuk memperbarui daftar pustaka pengguna hanya perlu memasukkan sumber referensi kemudian klik "Update". Citation Machine Di situs ini, kamu cukup mencari judul buku maupun artikel yang akan kamu gunakan. Discover the power of confident communication with Grammarly Free. Penerbit. Citation generator: Generate flawless APA, MLA, and Harvard citations in seconds. It was last seen in American quick crossword. Lihat Foto. Buka file Microsoft Word yang akan ditambahkan daftar pustaka. For three or more authors, both styles list the first author followed by “ et al. 1. While the two basic approaches to citations are simple, there are many different citation styles. Here are the possible solutions for "Citation" clue. Klik Cross-reference pada menu Insert (kotak biru) atau References (kotak merah) seperti Gambar 1, maka akan muncul window Cross-reference seperti Gambar 2. Mendeley merupakan aplikasi untuk membuat citation,. Foto : Install Plugin MS Word di Mendeley. Give, as a citation. Cara Membuat Daftar Pustaka Otomatis di Word. ¶ It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. , YouTube); and more. Get Grammarly It’s free. d. Klik Add New Sources pada daftar drop-down yang ditampilkan. Here are the possible solutions for "Citation from a minister in Norway and Germany's capitals" clue. 2. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Risked a citation. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Ini juga memberi pembaca Anda informasi yang diperlukan untuk menemukan sumber itu lagi, termasuk: Nama dan lokasi perusahaan yang menerbitkan salinan sumber Anda. We have 4 possible answers in our database. Then click Generate! The generator will produce a formatted Vancouver citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall reference list (which can be downloaded fully later!). In MLA format, just like in other academic styles like APA and the Chicago Manual of Style, there are two ways to cite a source: in text and in the works cited (or bibliography) page. Kini saatnya Anda menulis sitasi pada Microsoft Word tanpa ribet. Langkah yang bisa kamu lakukan adalah dengan pilih References lalu pilih toolbar Insert Citation setelah itu akan muncul kotak dialog Mendeley lalu pilih Artikel yang akan dikutip pada My Library dan klik Ok. ) Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Unknown, as a citation (abbr. CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) was introduced with the intention of recognizing individual author contributions, reducing authorship disputes and. 4. J Mowen. *️. doc format. to appear in court. ”. 😌 No flood of distracting ads. Google Scholar Citations lets you track citations to your publications over time. Click where you want to reference to the footnote or endnote. Tutorial Insert Citation Dan Bibliography Menggunakan Mendeley Desktop) Selamat mencoba dan. It was last seen in The LA Times quick crossword. Cite sources in APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian, and Harvard for free. Son-in-law is an example of a hyphenated word. Ikuti langkah-langkah berikut ini. In the above example, Dan Gutman is the author of the book that this quote is pulled from. . (To use the Google Docs template, copy the file to your Drive by clicking on ‘file’ > ‘Make a. Below the running head is the title of the page, which should either be “Work Cited” or “Works Cited. We have 1 possible answer in our database. , Johnson, D. 4. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. 12. Note that the same format works for other video sites like Vimeo. Buat halaman baru, dengan menempatkan kursos di akhir teks, lalu tekan [Ctrl] + [Enter], atau kalian bisa menggunakan fitur Page Break. Jika belum, kalian bisa melihat Tutorial Install Mendeley pada postingan sebelumnya. John’s Gospel begins with a prologue, serving as an. Terkahir dimodfikasi: Ridwan Arifin, Adelaide, 7 Juni 2020. Create in-text citations and save them. See full list on support. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Insensitivity. “Loc. Date created: September 2019. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Article citation abbr. Kamu bisa menulisnya sekaligus menyematkan sitasi, sehingga tidak perlu mengetikkannya dua kali. (CWYW) tool makes it easy to insert your EndNote references into Microsoft Word™, Apple Pages™ and Google Docs™. Untuk memperbarui daftar pustaka pengguna hanya perlu memasukkan sumber referensi kemudian klik "Update". On the Reference tab, click Insert Citation and then do one of the following: To add the source information, click Add New Source, and then, in the Create Source dialog box, click the arrow next to Type of Source, and select the type of source you want to use (for example, a book. In Works Cited and References, you only list items you have actually referred to and cited in your paper. . It was last seen in The USA Today quick crossword. Perilaku Konsumen, 2000. Select the References tab in the ribbon (see figure 1). Aplikasi mendeley merupakan aplikasi Sitasi dan daftar pustaka yang banyak digunakan oleh penulis dan peneliti. It was last seen in Daily quick crossword. Some keyboards may require that you press Alt+Fn+F9 instead. We have 5 possible answers in our database. The full reference of in-text citations appears in the reference list. Allow to cool and roll into pie crust. Bibliographies, on the other hand, differ greatly from Works Cited and References lists. Khi tìm kiếm tài liệu trên scholar, bạn thêm vào Mendeley bằng cách click vào link trích dẫn. Co-authorship analysisCaution. 3 Use block quotes for quotations that are four lines or longer. 2. Pada menu bar, klik menu “References”. You may also mention the author’s name in your sentence, but you don’t have to. Pengguna Windows. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. a summons, esp. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. If the author's name is not given, then use the first word or words of the title. Secara default Microsoft Word menyediakan berbagai referensi gaya, termasuk gaya yang paling umum digunakan seperti Chicago dan Harvard gaya referensi. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. in a citation" clue. 4. Setelah instalasi, sebuah pesan pop up akan muncul untuk memberikan konfirmasi bahwa instalasi sudah selesai. In-text citations include the last name of the author followed by a page number enclosed in parentheses. Nhấn vào Insert Citation sẽ thấy trích dẫn vừa tạo đã được hiển thị. Klik Cross-reference pada menu Insert (kotak biru) atau References (kotak merah) seperti Gambar 1, maka akan muncul window Cross-reference seperti Gambar 2. When the research question asks “Does the independent variable affect the dependent variable?”: The null hypothesis ( H0) answers “No, there’s no effect in the population. Arahkan kursor ke tempat yang dituju untuk menulis daftar pustaka. APA 7 APA 6 MLA 9 MLA 8 Chicago IEEE AMA Turabian ASA APSA Harvard CSE ACS Vancouver NLM ACM ACSE AAA ASM. APA 7th edition. Email [email protected] a classical music album, write the name of the composer as the author and the individuals/group who recorded the album in square brackets after the album title. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Instead of indenting each line manually using the “Enter” and “Tab” keys, use the indentation features in Word. Follow the format given in the template and example for setting the date, month, and year. Risked a citation. Uncomplicated. Mendeley merupakan aplikasi untuk membuat citation, daftar pustaka dan bibliografi secara otomatis. Word crashes/hang when using Mendeley. Ikon menu maupun fitur yang ada di Microsoft Word, umumnya terus mengalami pembaruan seiring waktu, namun dari segi fungsi biasanya hanya menyesuaikan saja untuk kemudahan penggunaan. It was last seen in Newsday quick crossword. In Chicago style, when a source does not include page numbers but you still want to point the reader to a specific point within it, an alternative locator should be used in your Chicago footnote or Chicago in-text citation. Untuk pertama kali penggunaan, klik Add New Source, maka akan muncul window Create Source seperti pada Gambar 2. 2 The entire paper is double-spaced, including block quotations and the references on the works cited page. There are three main rules for quoting in APA Style: If the quote is under 40 words, place it in double quotation marks. Dan Word - let me solve it for you! Dan Word «Let me solve it for you» Court citation. Buka kembali Ms Word Anda, lalu cek bagian “REFERENCES”. Here are the possible solutions for "And others, in citations" clue. Sau đó click vào Refman. Sementara untuk style reference yang digunakan bisa disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan seperti misalnya APA, Harvard, IEEE ataupun style lainnya. In-Text Citations: The Basics. ”. Gaya MLA (saat ini dalam edisi ke-8) dikembangkan oleh Modern Language Assosiation (Asosiasi Bahasa Modern) dan sangat populer dalam studi bahasa dan sastra. Essentially, bibliometrics is the application of quantitative analysis and statistics to publications such as journal articles and their accompanying citation counts. Silahkan pilih menu References lalu pilih style dengan nama APA2. On the Reference tab, click Insert Citation and then do one of the following: To add the source information, click Add New Source, and then, in the Create Source dialog box, click the arrow next to Type of Source, and select the type of source you want to use (for example, a book. Some commonly used scientific citation styles are: Chicago author-date, CSE, and Harvard, used across various sciences. Anda dapat melakukannya dengan jalan: (1) pilih kutipan, (2) klik kanan, dan (3) pilih Toggle Field Codes. 5 million citations, for short. Word, Select Options then Add-Ins, In the Add-ins list, at the bottom, select COM Add-ins and. Đối với các sinh viên, nhà văn và giáo viên, thẻ. Citation and Corsair. CrossRef; Google Scholar;GSA Style. menubordercolor: 1 0 0 Colour of the box around menu links in RGB format. 16-17) in Effective Citing and Referencing throughout the writing process, and when proofreading their work. Lalu klik "Insert Bibliography" dan daftar pustaka Moms akan terbuat otomatis. g. 5. We will try to find the right answer to this particular crossword clue. Sebelum memanggil sitasi dari Mendeley pastikan bahwa Mendeley sudah terinstal di Ms. Citation of another's words. urlbordercolor: 0 1 1 Colour of the box around links to URLs in. These plugins, available for Microsoft Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs, create dynamic bibliographies: insert a new in-text citation in your manuscript, and the bibliography will. Save ⏳ with our free Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers citation maker! Citation Styles . Retrieved October 19, 2020, from (URL) APA citation website in text: (University of Amsterdam, n. To customize a footnote or endnote: Click the reference number or mark in the body of the text or click Insert > Show Footnotes(for endnotes, click Insert > Show Endnotes). 2. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a quick one: Citation and Corsair. To add extra information that doesn’t fit smoothly into the main text. We have 14 possible answers in our database. Seperti dikatakan sekilas di atas, antara sitasi, daftar pustaka, kutipan, dan footnote sebenarnya punya makna dasar yang sama. , one's degree or level of expertise, knowledge and seniority. 5.